C

C		A programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell 
		Labs ca. 1972 for systems programming on the PDP-11 and 
		immediately used to reimplement Unix. It was called "C" 
		because many features derived from an earlier compiler named 
		"B" in commemoration of *its* parent, BCPL. In fact, C was 
		briefly named "NB". Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled the 
		question by designing C++, there was a humourous debate over 
		whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B 
		and C in "BCPL").
C               Carry flag. A status bit in many computers that holds the
                carry-in to the adder and gets the carry-out of the adder 
                (among other uses).
.C		C source code. File name extension.
C*		An object-oriented, data-parallel superset of ANSI C with 
		synchronous semantics for the Connection Machine, designed by 
		Thinking Machines, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a
		selection statement for parallel execution in domains.
C2D		Character To Decimal.
C2X		Character To heXadecimal.
C3I             Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence.
C64		Commodore 64. An 8-bit Commodore Business Machines computer of 
		the 1980s. The CPU was a MOS Technolgies 6502. The C64 had 64 
		kbytes of RAM as standard and a 40-column, 320x200 display
		(composite video, usually connected to a television).
CA		Cellular Automaton. A regular spatial lattice of "cells", each 
		of which can have any one of a finite number of states. The 
		state of all cells in the lattice are updated simultaneously 
		and the state of the entire lattice advances in discrete time 
		steps. The state of each cell in the lattice is updated 
		according to a local rule which may depend on the state of the 
		cell and its neighbors at the previous time step.
CA		Certification Authority.
CA		Collision  Avoidance.
CA		Computer Associates. A US software development company, best 
		known for Ingres which they got by buying out ASK Corporation.
CAAD		Computer-Aided Architectural Design.
CACM		Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery. A 
		monthly publication by the Association for Computing Machinery 
		sent to all members. CACM is a highly influential publication 
		that keeps computer science professionals up to date on
		developments in their fields of interest. Each issue includes 
		articles, case studies, practitioner oriented pieces, regular 
		columns, commentary, departments, the ACM Forum, and technical
		correspondence. In addition, advertisers appreciate 
		Communications as an efficient way to bring their message to 
		ACM's entire membership.
CAD             Computer-Aided Design. The part of CAE concerning the drawing 
		or physical layout steps of engineering design.
CAD/CAM		Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing. See CAD.
CADD		Computer Aided Design and Drafting.
CADD		Computer Aided Detector Design. A project to develop standards 
		and methods to allow cooperation between HEP detector 
		designers working in different institutes. 
CADET		Computer Aided Design Experimental Translator. 
CAE		Common Applications Environment. Part of X/Open, based on 
		POSIX and C.
CAE             Computer-Aided Engineering. Use of computers to help with all 
		phases of engineering design work. Like CAD, but also
		involving the conceptual and analytical design steps.
CAF             Call Attach Facility. It allows an application to interact 
                with a DB2 database without the help of these monitors.
CAF		Constant Applicative Form. A supercombinator which is not a 
		lambda abstraction. This includes truly constant expressions 
		such as 12, (+ 1 2), [1,2,3] as well as partially applied 
		functions such as (+ 4). Note that this last example is 
		equivalent under eta abstraction to \ x . + 4 x which is not
		a CAF.
CAG		Column Address Generator.
CAI		Computer-Aided Instruction. The use of (personal) computers 
		for education and training.
CA-IDMS         See IDMS.
CAIS		Common APSE Interface Specification. 
CAIS-A		Common APSE Interface Set A.
CAiSE		Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering.
CAL		Computer Aided Learning.
CAL		Course Author Language. The CAI language for the IBM 360.
CALS		Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support: a DoD 
		standard for electronic exchange of data with commercial 
		suppliers.
CALS            Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support.
CAM             Common Access Method. The software responsible for 
                controlling the allocation and usage of hardware resources 
                such as memory, central processing unit time, disk space, and 
                peripheral devices.
CAM		Computer Aided Manufacturing.
CAM             Content-Addressable Memory. A storage system that locates 
                data by searching its memory cells for a specific bit 
                pattern. The user supplies the bit pattern by giving two 
                values : an argument and a mask; the argument holds the 
                value being sought, and the mask specifies which argument 
                bits to use when comparing the argument to the value in each
                cell.
CAMAC           Computer-Aided Measurement And Control.
CAMAL		CAMbridge ALgebra system. A symbolic mathematics system used 
		in Celestial Mechanics and General Relativity. CAMAL was
		implemented in BCPL on Titan.
CAMIL		Computer Assisted/Managed Instructional Language. A language 
		used for CAI at Lowry AFB, CO.
CAML		Categorical Abstract Machine Language. A version of ML by 
		G. Huet, G. Cousineau, Ascander Suarez, Pierre Weis, Michel 
		Mauny and others of INRIA. CAML is intermediate between LCF ML
 		and SML. CAML has first-class functions, static type inference 
		with polymorphic types, user-defined variant types and product
		types, and pattern matching.
CAN             CANcel character.
.CAP		CAPture. File name extension.
CAP		Central Arbitration Point.
CAP		Columbia AppleTalk Package. An implementation of Apple 
		Computer's AppleTalk protocols for Unix 4.2BSD and its
		derivatives, from Columbia University. There are two different 
		LAP delivery mechanisms for: IPTalk and Ethertalk (possibly 
		using UAB).
CAP		Communication Application Platform.
CAP		Computer Aided Publishing.
CAP             Concurrent Access Paradigm.
CAPD		Computing To Assist Persons With Disabilities.
CAPI            Common Application Programmers Interface.
CAPS		CAPitalS. Uppercase letters.
CAPS		CAssette Programming System.
CARDS		Central Archive for Reusable Defense Software of the dod.
CARL		Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries.
CAS		Column Address Select.
CAS             Communicating Applications Specification. DCA and Intel's
                standard programmatic interface for sending and receiving
                FAXes via any of a number of internal FAX boards.
CAS		Computer Aided Styling.
CASE            Common Application Service Element. A collection of protocol 
                entities forming part of the application layer that are 
                responsible for providing some common services, such as 
                establishing a logical connection (association) between two 
                application protocol entities.
CASE            Computer-Assisted Software Engeneering. A technique for using 
		computers to help with the systematic analysis, design,
		implementation and maintenance of software. Adopting the CASE 
		approach to building and maintaining systems involves software 
		tools and training for the developer2s who will use them.
CASL		Crosstalk Application Scripting Language.
CASS		Computer Assisted Search Service.
CASSIS		Classified And Search Support Information System.
CAST		Computer Aided Software Testing. 
.CAT		CATalog. File name extension.
CAT		Common Abstract Tree Language. R. Voeller & Uwe Schmidt, 
		U Kiel, Germany 1983. Universal intermediate language, used by 
		Norsk Data in their family of compilers.
CAT		Computer Aided Testing.
CAT		Computer Aided Tomography.
CAT		Computer Aided Transcription
CAT             Computer Aided Translation.
CAT		conCATcenate.
CATE		Computer Aided Test Engineering. CASE methods applied to 
		electronics testing and linked to CAE.
CATNIP		Common Architecture Technology for Next-generation Internet 
		Protocol. An Internet Draft by Robert L. Ullmann of Lotus 
		Development Corporation, 22 Dec 1993. CATNIP is designed to 
		provides a compressed form of the existing network layer 
		protocols and to integrate CLNP, IP, and IPX. It provides for 
		any of the transport layer protocols in use, for example TP4, 
		CLTP, TCP, UDP, IPX and SPX to run over any of the network 
		layer protocol formats: CLNP, IP (version 4), IPX, and CATNIP.
CATS		Computer Assisted Training System.
CAT SCAN	Computerized Axial Tomography SCAN.
CATV            Community Antenna TeleVision. A facility used in the context 
                of local area networks, since the principles and network 
                components used in CATV networks can also be used to produce 
                a flexible underlying data transmission facility over a local
                area. CATV networks operate using the broadband mode of 
                working.
CATV            CAble TeleVision.
CAU		Controlled Access Unit.
CAV		Constant Angular Velocity.
CA-VO           Computer Associats engineers Visual Objects.
CAW             Channel Address Word.
CB		C Beautifier. A Unix tool for reformatting C source code.
CBC		Cipher Block Chaining.
CBCR		Channel Byte Count Register.
CBEMA		Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association.
CBGA		Ceramic Ball Grid Array.
CBI		Computer Based Instruction.
CBIOS           Compatibility BIOS. The IBM XT/286 and PS/2 models with 80286
                or higher processors contain two separate BIOSes.  The CBIOS
                is a real-mode BIOS which is compatible with the earlier
                products in the IBM PC family and PS/2 models with 8086
                processors.  See also ABIOS.
CBL             Character Base Line.
.CBL		CoBoL source code. File name extension.
CBL		Computer Based Learning.
CBMS            Computer-Based Mail System. A CBMS is a good choice of
                message system if messages recipients have access to only
                dumb terminals. The advantage of CBMS systems is that users
                do not have to purchase computers and electronic mail
                software; they just call the store-and-forward service and
                send or retrieve their mail as required.
CBN		Call-By-Name. An argument passing convention (first provided 
		by ALGOL 60?) where argument expressions are passed 
		unevaluated. This is usually implemented by passing a pointer 
		to some code which will return the value of the argument and an
		environment giving the values of its free variables. This 
		evaluation strategy is guaranteed to reach a normal form if 
		one exists.
CBR             Constant Bit Rate.
CBT		Computer-Based Training. Training (of humans) done by 
		interaction with a computer. The programs and data used in CBT 
		are known as "courseware."
CBV		Call-By-Value. An evaluation strategy where arguments are 
		evaluated before the function or procedure is entered. Only 
		the values of the arguments are passed and changes to the 
		arguments within the called procedure have no effect on the 
		actual arguments as seen by the caller. 
CBW		Convert Byte to Word.
CBW		Crypt Breakers Workbench. A freely distributable multi-window 
		integrated workbench of tools for cryptanalysis of files
		encrypted with the 4.2BSD Unix crypt command. It was 
		originally written by Robert W. Baldwin at MIT. 
CBX		Computer-controlled Branch eXchange.
CC              Cluster Controller.
CC              Condition Code. A bit pattern that indicates the general
                outcome of a computation(e.g. whether the result is zero,
                positive, negative, or caused overflow).
CC++		Compositional C++. Extensions to C++ for compositional parallel
 		programming.
CCB             Command Control Block.
CCC             Channel Control Check.
CCD             Charged-Coupled Device. A type of dynamic storage element in
                which a packet of charge represent a 12 bit and its absence a
                02 bit; the storage cells (capacitors) form a shift register
                and move the charge packets from one cell to the next.
CCFT		Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube.
CCI		Common Client Interface.
CCIRN		Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Research Networks.
CCITT           Committe' Consultatif International de Telegraphique et
                Telephonique. An international organization that defines
                standards for telegraphic and telephone equipment. For
                example, the Bell 212A standard for 12000 BPS communication
                in North America is observed internationally as CCITT V.22.
CCL		Computer Control Language. English-like query language based 
		on COLINGO, for IBM 1401 and IBM 1410.
CCL		Coral Common LISP.
CCLU		Cambridge CLUster. CLU extended to support concurrency, 
	22	distributed programming and remote procedure call, by 
		G. Hamilton et al at CUCL.
CCM             Communication Controller-Multichannel.
CC-NUMA         Cache Coherent, NonUniform Memory Access.
CCP		Concurrent Constraint Programming. 
CCP		Console Command Processor.
CCR		Condition Code Register. 
CCR             Commitment Concurrency and Recovery. A protocol entity 
                forming part of the application layer. It provides the means 
                whereby two or more application processes may perform 
                mutually exclusive operations on shared data. It also 
                provides control to ensure that the operations are performed 
                either completely or not at all. It uses the concepts of an 
                atomic action and a two-phase commit protocol.
CCS		Calculus of Communicating Systems. A mathematical model (a 
		formal language) for describing processes, mostly used in the 
		study of parallelism. A CCS program, written in behaviour 
		expressions syntax denotes a process behaviour. Programs can 
		be compared using the notion of observational equivalence.
CCS		Common Command Set.
CCS		Common Communications Services.
CCS             Common Communications Support. CCS is designed to
                interconnect SAA applications, systems, networks, and devices.
CCS		Computer Conservation Society. A specialist group of the 
		British Computer Society.
CCS		Continuous Composite Servo.
CCSP		Contextually Communicating Sequential Processes. A notation 
		based on CSP.
CCTA		Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency. CCTA is part 
		of the Office of Public Service and Science, which works to 
		improve government's services to the public. They are 
		responsible for stimulating and promoting the effective use of
		Information Systems in support of the efficient delivery of 
		business objectives and improved quality of services by the 
		public sector.
CCU             Communication Control Unit.
CCW             Channel Control Word.
CD		Carrier Detect.
CD		Change Directory.
CD		Collision Detection.
CD		Color Display.
CD              Compact Disc. The CD is used in the audio recording and in
                computing.
C/D		Control Data.
CD+		Enhanced Music Compact Disc.
CDA		Compound Document Architecture. DEC's set of standards for 
		compound document creation, storage, retrieval, interchange 
		and manipulation.
CDA             Craft Digital Assistant.
CDC             Control Data Corporation.
CDC 6600        The first of Control Data Corporation's pipelined
                supercomputers (circa 1965). This machine has 60-bit words,
                a load-and-store instruction set and 10 independent functional
                units.
CDC 7600        A successor to the CDC 6600 by Control Data Corporation
                having a similar (but not completely compatible)
                instruction-set architecture.
CD-CHRDY	CarD CHannel ReaDY.
CDC CYBER170    A successor to the CDC 6600 by Control Data Corporation.
CDC CYBER205    The vector processor of the CDC Cyber 205 has up to four
                identical general-purpose floating-point arithmetic pipelines.
CDC STAR        A pipelined vector processor of the mid-1970s by Control Data
                Corporation.
CD-DA		Compact Disk-Digital Audio.
CDDI		Copper Distributed Data Interface. FDDI running over 
		conventional copper cables. A Cisco/Crescendo copyright term. 
		All FDDI connections, single-attached or dual-attached, can be 
		either fiber or copper.
CDE		C Development Environment from ide.
CDE             Common Desktop Environment. This was jointly developed and 
                supported by IBM, Sun, Novell, and HP.
CDE		Complex Data Entry.
CDE		Co-operative Development Environment. A set of tools from 
		Oracle for enterprise-wide, client/server application 
		development.
CDF		Common Data Format. A library and toolkit for multi-dimensional
		data sets.
.CDF		Comma Delimited Format. File name extension.
CDFS		Compact Disc File System.
CD+G		Compact Disk plus Graphics.
CD-I            Compact Disk-Interactive. An embedded application of CD-ROM 
		allowing the user limited interaction with films, games and 
		educational applications via a special controller.
CDIF		CASE Data Interchange Format. An emerging standard for 
		interchange of data between CASE tools.
CDL		Command Definition Language. Portion of ICES used to implement
 		commands.
CDL		Compiler Description Language. Intended for implementation of 
		the rules of an affix grammar by recursive procedures. A 
		procedure may be a set of tree-structured alternatives, each 
		alternative is executed until one successfully exits. Used in 
		a portable COBOL-74 compiler from MPB, mprolog system from 
		SzKI, and the Mephisto chess computer.
CDL		Computer Definition [Design?] Language. A hardware description 
		language.
CDM		Content Data Model. An SGML-based DoD specification for 
		interactive manuals.
CDMA		Code Division Multiple Access. A form of multiplexing where 
		the transmitter encodes the signal using a pseudo-random 
		sequence which the reciever also knows and can use to decode 
		the received signal. Each different random sequence 
		corresponds to a different communication channel.
CD-MO		Compact Disk - Magneto Optical.
CDOS		Concurrent Disk Operating System.
CDPD		Cellular Digital Packet Data. A wireless standard providing 
		two-way, 19.2 kbps packet data transmission over exisiting
		cellular telephone channels.
CD-R		Compact Disk - Recordable.
CDR		Call Detail Record[ing].
CDRAM           Cached Dynamic Random Access Memory.
CD-RDx		Compact Disk - Rom Data eXchange standard.
CDRL		Contract Data Requirements List.
CD-ROM          Compact Disk - Read Only Memory. Used for backing up data
                files from workstations and personal computers and for
                storing images and system libraries.
CD-RTOS		Compact Disk - Real Time Operating System.
CDS		Concrete Data Structure. A model of programming language terms
 		developed in the context of constructing fully abstract 
		semantics for sequential languages. A CDS is a 4-tuple 
		(C,V,E,|-) where C is a cell, V is a value, E is an event and 
		|- is an "enabling relation". An event is a cell and a value. 
		A cell C is "enabled" by a set of events S if S |- C. A state 
		is a set of events which are consistent in that the values 
		they give for any cell are all equal. Every cell in a state is 
		enabled.
CDS             Current Directory Structure. The data record used by DOS to
                keep track of the current directory on a drive; whether the
                drive is valid, network, SUBSTituted, or JOINed; and other
                pertinent information.
CD-V		Compact Disk - Video.
CD-WORM		Compact Disk - Write Once Read Many.
.CDX      	Compound inDeX. File name extension.
CD-XA     	Compact Disk - eXtended Architecture.
CE		Cache Enable.
CE		Chip Enable.
CE		Collision Elimination.
CE              Control Elektronics.
CE		Convert Enable.
CEC             Commission of European Communities.
CEDAR           The name carries no hidden meaning. The CEDAR is a parallel
                supercomputer being designed and built by a group at the
                University of Illinois primarily to run Fortran programs
                restructured by the Parafrase compiler that this group has
                developed over the years.
CEG		Continuous Edge Graphics.
CEI		Conducted Electromagnetic Interference.
CEI-PACT	Central European Initiative on Parallel Computation.
CELLAS		CELLular ASsemblies. A concurrent block-structured language.
CELP		Computationally Extended Logic Programming. 
CEMS		Constituent Electronic Mail System.
CEN		Conseil Europien pour la Normalisation. A body coordinating 
		standardisation activities in the EEC and EFTA countries. 
CEOP		Conditional End Of Page.
CERN		Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucleaire. The European 
		Particle Physics Laboratory.
CERT            Computer Emergency Response Team. An organisation formed by 
		DARPA in November 1988 in response to the needs exhibited
		during the Internet worm incident. The CERT charter is to work 
		with the Internet community to facilitate its response to 
		computer security events involving Internet hosts, to take 
		proactive steps to raise the community's awareness of computer 
		security issues and to conduct research targeted at improving 
		the security of existing systems. CERT products and services 
		include 24-hour technical assistance for responding to computer
		security incidents, product vulnerability assistance, technical
		documents and tutorials.
CESSL		CEll Space Simulation Language. A language for simulating 
		cellular space models.
CFB		Cipher FeedBack.
CFB		Configurable Function Block.
CFD             Computational Fluid Dynamics. A Fortran-like language written
                after ILLIAC IV was delivered to the NASA Ames Research
                Center. It required more knowledge of machine details than
                GLYPNIR. For example, the user had to know about the single
                control unit and the linear ordening of the PEs.
.CFG		ConFiGuration. File name extension.
CFP		Communicating Functional Processes. 
CFP		Constraint Functional Programming. 
CFRAD           Cisco Frame Relay Access Device.
CFV		Call For Votes.
CGA             Color Graphics Adapter. A color video display standard
                introduced by IBM for its first PC, with a resolution of
                320 x 200 pixels and four colors.  See also HGC, MDA.
CGGI		Code-Generator Generator Language. A machine description 
		language based on modeling the computer as a finite-state 
		machine.
CGI             Common Gateway Interface. A standard for running external 
		programs under a World-Wide Web HTTP server. Current 
		version 1.1. External programs are known as "gateways" because 
		they provide an interface between an external source of 
		information and the server.
CGI		Computer Generated Images.
CGI		Computer Graphics Interface.
.CGM		Computer Graphics Metafile. A standard file format for storage 
		and communication of graphical information, widely used on 
		personal computers and accepted by desktop publishing and 
		technical illustration systems.
CHAP		CHallenge Authentication Protocol.
CHAR		CHARacter.
CHASM		CHeap ASseMbler. A shareware assembler for MS-DOS.
CHAT		Conversational Hypertext Access Technology.
CHCK		CHannel ChecK.
CHCP		CHange Code Page.
CHDIR		CHange DIRectory.
CHFN		CHange FiNger.
CHGRP		CHange GRouP.
CHiP            Configurable, Highly Parallel. The CHiP computer is a lattice
                of identical PE's set into a lattice of identical switches
                and can assume the configuration of many different systolic
                arrays and other "algorithmically specialized processors".
.CHK		CHKdsk. File name extension.
CHKDSK          CHecK DiSK. An MS-DOS command that checks a directory on a 
                disk for errors. CHKDSK checks the files to ensure that they 
                are recorded properly.
CHMOD		CHange MODe
CHOP		CHannel OP. Someone who is endowed with privileges on a 
		particular IRC channel. These privileges include the right to 
		kick users, to change various status bits and to make others 
		into CHOPs.
CHoPP           Columbia Homogeneous Parallel Processor. In the late 1970's
                the CHoPP project was at the forefront of research into
                shared-memory MIMD computers with a plan for a multistage
                network connecting up to a million PE's, with program
                organization achieved not by a host computer but by
                "negotiation between running processes".
CHOWN		CHange OWNer.
CHP		CHaPter.
CHR		CHaRacter.
CHRP            Common Hardware Reference Platform.
CHS		Cylinder Head Sector.
CI		Component Interface.
CIA		Current Instruction Address.
CICERO		Control Information system Concepts based on Encapsulated 
		Real-time Objects.
CICS            Customer Information Control System. CICS is a teleprocessing
                monitoring system - a popular IBM product used by many
                industries for processing of business transactions.
CICS/VS   	Customer Information Control System / Virtual Storage.
CID		Caller Identity. A feature of some modems.
CID		Configuration/Installation/Distribution.
CIDR		Classless InterDomain Routing.
CIEL		Classes et Instances En Logique. An object-oriented 
		Prolog-like language.
CIF		Caltech Intermediate Form. Geometry language for VLSI design, 
		in which the primitives are coloured rectangles.
CIF             Compiler Information File.
CIL		Common Intermediate Language.
CIL		Component Integration Laboratories. An effort to create a 
		common framework for interoperability between application 
		programs on desktop platforms, formed by Apple Computer Inc., 
		IBM, Novell, Oracle, Taligent, WordPerfect and Xerox.
CIM		CompuServe Information Manager.
CIM             Computer-Integrated Manufacturing.
CIMS PL/I	Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences PL/I. A PL/I subset.
CIO		Chief Information Officer.
CIOCS           Communications Input-Output Control System.
CIP		Command Interface Port.
CIP-L		Computer-aided Intuition-guided Programming Language. 
		Wide-spectrum language for incremental program transformation. 
		There are ALGOL-like and Pascal-like variants.
CIRC		CIRCular reference.
CI$		Compuserve Information Services. See also CIS.		
CIS		Card Information Structure.
CIS		Case Integration Services. A committee formed to discuss CASE 
		tool integration standards related to ATIS.
CIS		Client Information System.
CIS		CompuServe Information Service. Also Compu$erve. The dollar 
		sign refers to CompuServe's rather steep line charges. Often 
		used in sig blocks just before a CompuServe address.
CIS		Computer Information Systems.
CIS		Cooperative Information System. Networked computers which 
		support individual or collaborative human work, and manage 
		access to information and computing services. Computation is 
		done concurrently over the network by cooperative database 
		systems, expert systems, multi-agent planning systems, and
		other software application systems ranging from the 
		conventional to the advanced.
CISC            Complex-Instruction-Set Computer. In essence, a description
                for any computer that lacks the properties of being a
                reduced-instruction-set computer; generally, a computer with
                the following properties: complex addressing modes,
                instructions with many sizes, instructions that have
                memory-to-memory or memory-to-register operations and a
                microprogrammed control unit.
CIT		Computer-Integrated Telephony.
CIX             Commercial Internet eXchange. The CIX is a non-profit, 501(c)6,
 		trade association coordinating Internet services. Its member 
		organisations provide TCP/IP or OSI data internetwork services 
	2	to the general public. The CIX gives them unrestricted access 
		to other worldwide networks. It also takes an interest in the
		development and future direction of the Internet.
CIX		Compulink Information eXchange. A London-based conferencing 
		system, also providing electronic mail, FTP, telnet, IRC,
		Gopher and World-Wide Web. Includes conferences "archimedes" 
		or "bbc" for users of Acorn computers.
CJLI		Command Job Language Interpreter.
CKD		Count Key Data device.
CL		Control Language. The batch language for IBM RPG/38, used in 
		conjunction with RPG III. See also OCL. 
CLASP		Computer Language for AeronauticS and Programming. A real-time
		language from NASA focussing on fixed-point mathematics. CLASP
		is a near subset of SPL, with some ideas from PL/I.
CLAR		Channel Local Address Register.
CLASS		Client Access to Systems and Services.
CLASS		Cooperative Library Agency for Systems and Services.
CLC		CLear Carry flag.
CLD		CLear Direction flag.
CLEO		Clear Language for Expressing Orders. A language developed by 
		ICL in the 1960s and used until early 1972 on Leo III 
		mainframes.
CLI             Call-Level Interface.
CLI		Clear Interrupt Flag. 
CLI		Command Line Interface. 
CLiCC		Common LIsp to C Compiler. Made by Heinz Knutzen, Ulrich 
		Hoffman and Wolfgang Goerigk. CLiCC is meant to be used as a 
		supplement to existing CLISP systems for generating portable 
		applications. Target C code must be linked with CLiCC run-time
		library to produce an executable.
CLIP		Common LISP in Parallel. A version of Common LISP from Allegro 
		for the Sequent Symmetry.
CLIP		Compiler Language for Information Processing. A language 
		written in 1958-1959, based on IAL, which led to JOVIAL. CLIP 
		was one of the first languages used to write its own compiler.
CLIPS		C Language Integrated Production System. A language produced 
		by Gary Riley of NASA JSC in Houston, Texas, for developing 
		expert systems, with the inferencing and representation 
		capabilities of OPS5 and support for forward chaining 
		rule-based, object-oriented and procedural programming. CLIPS 
		has a Lisp-like syntax. It is available for MS-DOS and comes 
		with source code in C.
CLISP		Conversational LISP.A mixed English-like, ALGOL-like surface 
		syntax for Interlisp. 
CLIST		Command LIST.
CLK		CLocK.
CLM		Career Limiting Move. 1. An action endangering one's future 
		prospects of getting plum projects and raises and possibly 
		one's job: "His Halloween costume was a parody of his manager.
		He won the prize for "best CLM"." 
		2. Denotes extreme severity of a bug, discovered by a customer 
		and obviously missed earlier because of poor testing: "That's 
		a CLM bug!"
CLNP		ConnectionLess Network Protocol.
CLOS		Common LISP Object System. An object-oriented extension to 
		Common LISP, based on generic functions, multiple inheritance,
		declarative method combination and a meta-object protocol. A 
		descendant of CommonLoops and based on Symbolics FLAVORS and 
		Xerox LOOPS, among others.
.CLP		CLiPboard. File name extension.
CLP		Constraint Logic Programming. A programming framework based 
		(like Prolog) on LUSH (or SLD) resolution, but in which 
		unification has been replaced by a constraint solver. A CLP 
		interpreter contains a Prolog-like inference engine and an 
		incremental constraint solver. The engine sends constraints to
		the solver one at a time. If the new constraint is consistent 
		with the collected constraints it will be added to the set. If
		it was inconsistent, it will cause the engine to backtrack.
CLP		Cornell List Processor. A list processing language, an 
		extension of CORC, used for simulation.
CLR		Consortium for Lexical Research. The Consortium for Lexical 
		Research is a repository for natural language processing
		software, lexical data, tools and resources. It was set up in 
		July 1991 in the Computing Research Laboratory of New Mexico 
		State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
CLS		CLear Screen.
CLTP		ConnectionLess Transport Protocol.
CLTS		Clear Task Switch Flag.
CLU		CLUster. CLU is an object-oriented language of the Pascal 
		family designed to support data abstraction, similar to 
		Alphard. It introduced the iterator: a coroutine yielding the 
		elements of a data object, to be used as the sequence of 
		values in a 'for' loop.
-------- (on-line dictionary)
CLUI		Command Line User Interface.
CLUT		Color Look-Up Table.
CLV		Constant Linear Velocity.
CM		Control Mark.
CM		Corrective Maintenance.
Cm*             An experimental multiprocessor computer developed at
                Carnegie-Mellon University (circa 1975), in which the
                designers grouped processors into local clusters and
                organized clusters into a tree structure.
CM-1            Connection Machine. The CM-1 was a collection of 65,536 1-bit
                processors designed primarily for massively parallel
                solutions to artificial intelligence problems, although its
                manufacturer, TMC, also demonstrated its use on other
                applications, such as database search. It was an SIMD
                computer.
CM-2            Connection Machines. The major architectural change from the
                CM-1, is the addition of a Weitek-based floating-point
                coprosessor with every 32 of the 1-bit integer processors.
CM-5            Connection Machines. The CM-5 is simply a private-memory MIMD
                machine. The interconnection topology is a fat tree, there is
                support for SIMD, a combining control network is provided,
                vector units are available, and the machine is powerful.
CMA		Concert Multi-thread Architecture.
CMC             Common Mail Calls.
CMC             Common Messaging Calls.
CMC		Communication Mangement Configuration.
CMC		CoMplement Carry flag.
CMC		Computer-Mediated Communication.
.CMD		CoMmanD. File name extension.
CMF             Creative Music Format. A music file format introduced by
                Creative Labs.
CMIP            Common Management Information Protocol. The ISO application 
                layer protocol used to retrieve and send management-related 
                information across an OSI network.
CMIS            Common Management Information System.
CML		Conceptual Modelling Language.
CML		Computer Managed Learning.
CML		Current Mode Logic.
C.MMP           Computer with Multiple Mini-Processors. The C.MMP was a
                research project started in 1971 at Carnegie-Mellon
                University. It consisted of 16 minicomputers (DEC PDP-11s)
                connected through a circuit-switched crossbar network to 16
                memory modules, forming a shared-memory MIMD design.
CMMS		Computerized Maintenance Management Software.
CMMU		Cache/Memory Management Unit.
CMOS            Complementary Metal-Oxide-Silicon. A type of integrated
                circuit design known for its low power consumption.
CMOV		Conditional MOVe.
CMP		CoMPare.
CMP		CoMPuter.
CMPS		CoMPare word String.
CMS		Code Management System.
CMS		Compiler Monitor System.
CMS		Conversation Monitor System.
CMU             Carnegie-Mellon University.
CMU Cm*         See Cm*.
CMU C.MMP       See C.MMP.
CMW		Compartmented Mode Workstation.
CMY		Cyan-Magenta-Yellow.
CMYK		Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-blacK.
CNA		Certified NetWare Administrator.
CNAPS		Co-processing Node Architecture for Parallel Systems.
CNC             Computer Numerical Control.
CNE		Certified NetWare Engineer.
.CNF		CoNFiguration. File name extension.
CNG		CalliNG tone.
CNIDR		Clearinghouse for Network Information and Discovery and 
		Retrieval.
CNS             Corporate Network Server. The CNS is a dedicated engine, with
                a 32-bit, 80368, 20 MHz processor operating under the UNIX
                operating system.
CNSS		Core Nodal Switching Subsystem.
CNV		CoNVentional. Pertaining to Memory.
CNVT		CoNVerT.
CNX		Certified Network eXpert.
CO		Central Office.
CO		Command Output. 
CO		Convert Out.
COB		Chip-On-Board.
.COB		COBol source code. File name extension.
COBOL		COmmon Business-Oriented Language. See HLL.
.COD		CODe list. File name extension.
CODASYL         COmmittee on DAta Systems Languages. Historically, the
                network model structures and language constructs were defined
                by the CODASYL committee, so it is often referred to as the
                CODASYL network model.
CODEC		COder/DECoder.
CODEC		COmpression/DECompression.
COEM		Commercial Original Equipment Manufacturer.
COFF		Common Object File Format.
COGO		COordinate GeOmetry programming language.
COL		COLlision.
COL		Computer Oriented Language.
COLD		Computer Output to Laser Disk.
COLL		COLLision.
.COM		COMmand. File name extension.
COM		COMmercial.
COM             Common Object Model.
COM		COMmunication.
COM             Component Object Model.
COMA            Cache Only Memory Architecture.
COMDEX		COMputer Dealers EXposition.
COMET		COrnell Macintosh Terminal Emulator.
COMP		COMPare.
COMSAT		COMmunications SATellite corporation.
COMTRAC         COMputer-aided centralized TRAffiC system.
CON		CONsole. Includes Keyboard and Screen.
CONFIG		CONFIGuration.
CONS		Connection-Oriented Network Service.
CONTONE		CONtinuous TONE.
CORBA           Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
CoREN		COrporation for Research and Enterprise Network.
COS		Compatible Operating System.
COSE		Combined Office Standard Environment.
COSE		Common Open Software Environment.
COSMIC		COmputer Software Management and Information Center.
COSMOS		COmputer System for Mainframe OperationS.
COTS		Commercial Off-The-Shelf.
CP		Copy Protected.
CPA		Certified Public Accountant.
CPC		Constant Point Calculation.
CPCS		Check Processing Control System.
CPE		Central Processing Element.
CPE		Customer Premise Equipment.
CPE		Customer Provided Equipment.
CPG		Clock Pulse Generator.
CPI		Characters Per Inch.
CPI		Clock Per Instruction.
.CPI		Code Page Information. File name extension.
CPI             Common Programming Interface. The most important feature of
                the CPI is IBM's re-endorsement of COBOL and FORTRAN as the
                primary programming languages, along with C.
CPI-C		Common Programming Interface for Communications.
CPL		Current Privilege Level.
CP/M            Control Program for Microcomputers. An early operating system
                for micros based on the 8-bit Intel 8080 CPU (and later the
                compatible 8085 and Zilog Z80 CPUs). MSDOS version 1.0 was
                essentially a clone of CP/M for the Intel 8086.
CP/M-86         One of the three operating systems offered by IBM for its
                original PC (the other two were MSDOS and the UCSD p-System).
                It has since evolved into DR-DOS version 6.
CPS             Characters Per Second. A data transfer rate generally
                estimated from the bit rate and the character length.
CPS		Cycles Per Second.
CPT		Command Pass Through.
CPU             Central Processing Unit. That part of a von Neumann machine
                consisting of the control unit, arithmetic and logic unit and
                register file but excluding the main memory and I/O systems.
CR              Carriage Return.
CRAFT           Cray Research Adaptive ForTran.
CRAM		Cyberspatial Reality Advancement Movement.
CRAY-1          The first pipelined vector processor by Cray Research
                (circa 1975).
CRC             Carriage Return Character.
CRC             Cyclic Redundancy Checking. An error-detection technique
                consisting of a cyclic algorithm performed on each block or
                frame of data by both sending and receiving modems. The
                sending modem inserts the results of its computation in each
                data block in the form of a CRC code. The receiving modem
                compares its results with the received CRC code and responds
                with either a positive or negative acknowledgement.
CRCC            Cyclic Redundancy Checking Character.
CRCW PRAM       Concurrent Read Concurrent Write Parallel Random Access
                Machine.
.CRD		CaRDfile. File name extension.
CREN		Computer Research Education Network.
CREN		Corporation for Research and Education Networking.
CREW PRAM       Concurrent Read Exclusive Write Parallel Random Access
                Machine.
CRF		Cable Retransmission Facility.
CRF		Cross Reference File.
CRI		Color Reproduction Indices.
CRJ             Call Record Journaling.
CRL		Certificate Revocation List.
CRL             Character Reference Line.
CR/LF		Carriage Return/Line Feed.
CRO             Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope.
CROM		Control Read Only Memory.
CRT             Cathode-Ray Tube.
CRTC		Cathode-Ray Tube Controller.
CRU             Current of Run Unit. A run unit is a database access program
                that is executing (running) on the computer system. For each
                run unit, the CRU keeps track of the record most recently
                accessed by the program; this record can be from any record
                type in the database.
CS              Chip select. An input to a circuit that enables the chip's
                operation.
CS              Code Segment. 1. A segment of memory composed entirely of
                executable code; 2. One of four 64-KB segments of memory that
                the 8088 microprocessor can access directly; the only segment
                that holds code for the current instruction.
C/S		Client/Server.
CSA		Calendaring and Scheduling API.
CSAR		Channel System Address Register.
CSCW            Computer Support Cooperative Work. It stands to gain by
                facilitating problem solving in a group context, using
                principles of active database management.
CSD		Corrective Service Diskette.
CSDS		Packet Switched Data Service.
CSE		Certified System Engineer.
CSG		Constructive Solid Geometry.
CSG		Consulting Services Group.
CSI		Command Sequence Introducer.
CSI		CompuServe Incorporated.
CSIRO           Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.
CSL		Computer Sensitive Language.
CSLIP		Compressed Serial Line Interface Protocol.
CSM		Communications Services Manager.
CSMA/CD         Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. A
                network access method for managing collisions of data packets.
CSN		Card-Select Number.
CSNET		Computer Science NETwork.
CSO		Central Services Organization.
CSP             Communicating Sequential Processes. CSP is not really
                intended as a complete language, but rather as a proposal for
                a set of primitives for parallel processing using message-
                passing rather than shared-memory communication; in other
                words, processes communicate via input/output statements
                rather than by updating global variables.
CSP             Cross Systems Product. CSP allows an application developed
                under TSO to run under CICS and visa versa.
CSPDN		Circuit Switched Public Data Network.
CSS		Continuous System Simulator language.
CSS		Contact Start-Stop.
CSTA		Computer-Supported Telephony Applications.
CSU             Channel Service Unit.
CSV		Comma-Separated Values/Variables.
CSV		Common Services Verbs.
CSW             Channel Status Word.
C&T		Chips and Technologies.
CTB		Cipher Type Byte.
CTB             Code Table Buffer.
CTCP		Client-To-Client Protocol.
CTI             Computer Telephony Integration.
CTOS		Computerized Tomography Operating System.
CTOS		Convergent Technologies Operating System.
CTPA		Coax-to-Twisted-Pair Adapter.
CTRL		ConTRoL.
CTS             Clear To Send. One of the handshake signals on a universal
                asynchronous receiver-transmitter; generated by the receiving
                device to tell the sending device that the receiving device
                is ready to receive the data.
CTSS		Compatible Time Sharing System.
CTW             Console TypeWriter.
CU              Control Unit. the part of computer that generates the signals
                controlling the computer's operation.
CUA             Common User Access.
CUB		CUrsor Backward.
CUD		CUrsor Down.
CUE		Custom Updates and Extras.
CUF		CUrsor Forward.
CUI		Character-oriented User Interface.
CUI             Common User Interface.
CUP		CUrsor Position.
CUPID		Completely Universal Processor I/O Design.
.CUR      	CURsor. File name extension.
CUT		Control Unit Terminal.
CUTE		Clarkston University Terminal Emulator.
CUU		CUrsor Up
CVF		Compressed Volume File.
CVGA		Color Video Gaphics Array.
CVIA		Computer Virus Industry Association.
CVRAM           Cached Video Random Access Memory.
CVT		ConVerT.
CVW		CodeView for Windows.
CW6             Code Warrior 6. An other name for Metrowerks Code Warrior 1.2.2
CWD		Convert Word to Double word.
CWD		Change Working Directory.
CWIS		Campus Wide Information Service/System.
CWIS		Community Wide Information Service/System.
CX              Count Register. A register in the 8088 microprocessor that 
                serves as a counter for certain instructions.
CYBER170        See CDC CYBER170.
CYL		CYLinder.
CYMK		Cyan-Yellow-Magenta-blacK.

